However, as it has also been suggested that those going about their everyday lives are not likely to lose 1% of their body mass (2), it might be argued that hypo-hydration will rarely be a concern. Changes in mood and cognitive functioning are often the first symptoms of minor nutritional deficiencies (1), yet a review of the influence of dehydration on psychological parameters concluded that any evidence of an adverse effect occurred when there had been at least a 2% loss of body mass (2). In fact, there is very little evidence that hypo-hydration is an everyday problem. In the popular press there is often the suggestion that dehydration is a common and largely unrecognized problem, with advice such as we should "drink eight 8-ounce glasses of water a day" or we should examine the color of our urine to monitor to what extent we are well hydrated. The parameters that influence an adverse response to hypo-hydration need to be established to allow giving appropriate advice. Those who consumed water had better working memory working memory was worse in participants who lost more body mass or became thirstier, but only in those with higher levels of baseline osmolality.Ĭonclusions: Small variations in hydration status influenced cognitive functioning although there were individual differences in the response. Results: A 0.6% loss of body mass reduced the efficiency of working memory.
#DATA ANALYSIS METHODS MODERATOR WRITE UPEXAMPLE SERIAL#
The serial sevens test of working memory was performed before and at the end of the procedure. Method: In the study, 118 subjects were exposed to 30 oC for four hours during which they half drank 300 ml water. Objectives: The present study describes the use of moderated mediation, an approach that asks various questions: firstly, is drinking influential? secondly, does a mediator ( e.g., thirst) sit between an independent and dependent variable? and thirdly, does an effect only occur under certain conditions such as initial osmolality?. Yet to study the complexity added by such additional variables novel methods of statistical analysis are required. In such situations factors such as the initial hydration status and individual differences in the response to a reduced fluid intake are likely to be influential. Introduction: To date, dehydration has been typically reported to influence psychological parameters when there has been at least a 2% loss of body mass, although there has been little examination of those going about their everyday lives, those who have lost less than 1% of body mass. The use of moderated mediated analysis to study the influence of hypo-hydration on working memoryĭepartment of Psychology.
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